Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a barrister, statesman and the founder of Pakistan. Born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai at Wazir Mansion in Karachi, he trained as a barrister at Lincoln’s Inn in London and, on his return, enrolled at the Bombay High Court. He led the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the independence of Pakistan on 14 August 1947, and then served as Pakistan’s first Governor-General until his death a year later.
In the first two decades of the 20th century he rose to prominence in the Indian National Congress, where he advocated Hindu–Muslim unity and helped shape the 1916 Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the Muslim League. He joined the All-India Home Rule League and proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in the Indian subcontinent. In 1920 he resigned from the Congress when it adopted Gandhi’s satyagraha campaign, which he regarded as political anarchy. In 1940, the Muslim League, led by Jinnah, passed the Lahore Resolution.
As the first Governor-General, Jinnah worked to establish the government of the new nation and personally supervised aid for the millions of Muslim migrants who came to Pakistan. He died in Karachi on 11 September 1948, at the age of 71, just over a year after independence, and was buried the next day amid official mourning in both India and Pakistan. His mausoleum, the Mazar-e-Quaid, stands in Karachi. He is revered in Pakistan as the Quaid-e-Azam (“Great Leader”) and Baba-e-Qaum (“Father of the Nation”), and his birthday, 25 December, is observed as a national holiday.
Sources
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah (Wikipedia, “Muhammad Ali Jinnah”, accessed 7 November 2026).
See also: the profiles of YouTuber Ducky Bhai and Lahore-based singer Maanu on Wikipedia Pakistan.
